Tehzeeb ki Kahani Pathar Ka Zamana Vol 1 The Story of Civilization Stone Age by Dr. Mubarak Ali Urdu book free download pdf or read online. History textbooks in Pakistan contain very little information about the origin, evolution, and development of civilizations. To make up for this shortfall, three alternative curriculum books for school students have been written, "The Stone Age", "Bronze Age" and "Iron Age". In these books, care has been taken to pay more attention to the daily life of the common people in the history of these civilizations and to highlight the fact that history always moves forward through the process of change. Hopefully, these books will be useful not only for the students of the school but also for the general readers.
The Stone Age is a long prehistoric time when man mainly used stone to make tools. This is before the discovery of metals. In those days, stones, as well as wood, bones, animal skins, horns, and some other things, were commonly used to make tools and utensils. At the end of the Stone Age, man also learned the art of making pottery from clay and baking it in the fire. After this period, along with various inventions, mankind entered the age of copper, brass, and the iron respectively. About 2.5 to 2.7 million years ago [1], stone tools were first used in Ethiopia, and since then the technique has gradually spread to the rest of the world. The Stone Age ended with learning agriculture and the use of copper. This period is called prehistoric because man had not yet learned to write. The invention of the alphabet and writing is considered to be the beginning of the prevailing history.
Civilization is a common feature of a nation or a society, which not only identifies that nation but also determines it with the help of civilization and culture if one wants to differentiate it from other nations and societies. The reason is that Nations cannot be discriminated against on the basis of instinct. The structure of the cultural blueprint rests with man. Obviously, culture belongs to society, so civilization does not arise in space. It is also a fact that some cultural attitudes are inherited, but these attitudes are also called civilizations. It creates under its own special environment, special beliefs, ideas, and other influences. This process of acquisition also creates unity in a nation's civilization and distinguishes it from other nations. In this sense, national civilization is the common capital of both the individual and the community.
No civilization can grow apart from other civilizations. The experiences of past civilizations, the contemporary civilizations found in the vicinity, affect any civilization in different ways. Not only national tendencies and trends affect civilization. It is not only the effect but also other civilizations that affect it. These are the salient features of the influence and flexibility of civilizations. The ability to accept the characteristics of other civilizations is what keeps civilization alive and vibrant. Cut off from civilizations, limited, cannot move forward.
تہذیب کی کہانی جلد اول 1 ۔ پتھر کا زمانہ
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